NOx, SOx, O3

These gases irritate the airways of the lungs, increasing the symptoms of those suffering from lung diseases

Particles

(Aerosol detection and typing, PBL Height)

Fine particles can be carried deep into the lungs where they can cause inflammation and a worsening of heart and lung diseases

Carbon Monoxide

This gas prevents the uptake of oxygen by the blood. This can lead to a significant reduction in the supply of oxygen to the heart, particularly in people suffering from heart disease

Benzene

The major effect of benzene from long-term exposure is on the blood. (Long-term exposure means exposure of a year or more.) Benzene causes harmful effects on the bone marrow and can cause a decrease in red blood cells, leading to anemia

Black carbon (BC)

A primary aerosol emitted directly at the source from incomplete combustion processes such as fossil fuel and biomass burning and therefore much atmospheric BC is of anthropogenic origin. It is small enough to be easily inhaled into the lungs and has been associated with adverse health effects